Critical Analysis Critical Coding - 2179 Words

Introduction ______________________________________________________ 1 Literature Review __________________________________________________ 1 Critical Analysis ____________________________________________________2 Conclusions _______________________________________________________4 Recommendations _________________________________________________ 5 References _______________________________________________________ 6 I. INTRODUCTION Human Resource hasn’t always been the hot topic like it is in today’s discussions on better performance management systems. Human resource has always been limitedly considered as the mere workforce that strictly follows the company’s mission and readily falls in compliance with the management’s decisions. That has always been the idea until recently, with gradual advancement in business studies, when effective HR management is considered probably the foremost contributing element towards increased overall productivity of an organization. A well-formed, well thought out and thoroughly connected HR policy that is structured as a self-empowered mechanism that digs deep getting to know about the issues and concerns of the common employee, addresses those concerns with the utmost hospitality and sets up checks and balancing systems to foresee any mishaps, communication gaps and other problems that might erode the relationship between the management and human re source in the future. On the contrary, it is also found to be a fact that, whileShow MoreRelatedA Grounded Theory Research Study1222 Words   |  5 Pagesor discover a theory. This type of research is grounded in data from individuals who have experienced a process. Some of the defining features include: a focus on a process or an action, development of a theory, memoing, data collection, and data analysis. The process or action that a researcher may look into would have movement or an action the researcher may be trying to explain. A process could be generating a new program. Researchers also seek to define new theories through the process or actionRead MoreAssistant Operational Acknowledgement Chart ( Coach )990 Words   |  4 PagesConsultant Operational Acknowledgment Chart (COACH) Overview To document coding, procedural and operational errors performed by Help Desk agents. The goal is to identify and document the errors as they occur and provide immediate feedback to the agent. The objective is to foster a learning and coaching system that will minimize the number of errors and encourage Help Desk agents to improve their level of performance. Coding and procedural errors impact the Help Desk in multiple ways, including billingRead MoreCheckout Times As a Competitive Advantage: An Analysis616 Words   |  3 Pagesis not enough, it is the accuracy that is most critical to certain segments, while others are very attuned to the experience itself (Mirabella, 2011). Check-out times can be used very effectively as a means to gain greater customer loyalty in all retail establishments. The focus of this specific discussion will be on experiences of working in a Home Depot Store, which is well-known for its Do-It-Yourself (DIY) loyal shoppers. Checkout Time Analysis at Home Depot One of the most immediate lessonsRead MoreIs Grounded Theory A Theoretical Model?930 Words   |  4 Pages 24). The process primarily involves interviewing participants to identify open codes or categories. In collaboration with participants, researchers then utilize axial coding, which involves forming clusters of topics, and patterns of interaction between them, eventually resulting in several possible theories. Axial coding further helps researchers and participants to identify a central category, enabling them select which categories fall under causal conditions, intervening factors, consequencesRead MoreA Research Study On Research1173 Words   |  5 Pagesthe method of research is whether qualitative or quantitative, data must be collected. Data collection is essential whether the method of choice is a mail survey, a telephone survey, an interview, an experiment, field research, or secondary data analysis. Data collection is an important aspect of any research study. I naccurate data can impact the results of a study and ultimately lead to invalid results. During the data collection step, a significant amount of time, energy and attention are requiredRead MoreThe Financial Manager895 Words   |  4 PagesThe financial manager has a critical role in the organization. This position must be able to adapt to unique and often stressful situations. They must have good leadership skills and build confidence within the organization that the decisions made are correct. They often have to wear multiple hats at a time and provide structure to chaotic situations. This position should display leadership, empathy, emotional intelligence and have a solid understanding of accounting. Their accounting backgroundRead MoreA Research Study On Data Collection1205 Words   |  5 Pagesthe method of research is whether qualitative or quantitative, data must be collected. Data collection is essential whether the method of choice is a mail survey, a telephone sur vey, an interview, an experiment, field research, or secondary data analysis. Data collection is an important aspect of any type of research study. Inaccurate data can impact the results of a study and ultimately lead to invalid results. During the data collection step, a significant amount of time, energy and attentionRead MoreA Research Study Of Nurses Beliefs And Practice1395 Words   |  6 PagesEnd-of-life care in the intensive care setting: A descriptive exploratory qualitative study of nurses’ beliefs and practice, is a research article chosen for this essay. This critical review will include an appraisal of the designated sections of the research paper, provide a realistic and practical explanation linking findings to clinical practice, as well as a personal reflection on how the process of appraisal of evidence from the article has increased my knowledge. The title and abstract ofRead MoreVerizon Wirelesss Benefits Package1728 Words   |  7 Pagesinformation, it was determined that there was a critical need for a current benefits package comparison. The investigative steps necessary for this analysis for this Capstone Project were found in Section III, and this subsequent chapter, Section IV, submits those findings. Comparative Analysis Process The fundamental aim within this Capstone Project’s was to detail how Verizon Wirelesss benefits package compares in the industry, by process of comparative analysis and implementation of a specific designRead MoreSteps Involved in Processing of Data1699 Words   |  7 Pagesprocessing of the data involves editing, coding, classifying, tabulating and after all this analyzation of the data takes place. Data Processing The various aspects of the data processing can be studied as follows 1. Editing of data:  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ This aspect plays a very vital role in the detection of the errors and omissions and then helps to correct these errors by which ,the degree of accuracy, consistency and homogeneity are increased. By this method, coding and tabulation of the data is done and

Impact Of Feminism On Individuals Within Society - 1587 Words

Impact To analyze the impact the three waves of feminism had on individuals within society, three interviews were conducted with women from different generations. The first interview was with Roberta, a 74-year-old woman who has been married for almost 55 years and has always defined herself first-and-foremost as a mother. She held a few odd jobs before and after she had kids in the home, but worked as a retail salesperson, a bank teller, and a school secretary. The second interviewee was Amy, a 45-year-old woman who is a mother of three and a secondary mathematics teacher. Finally, Callie, a 15-year-old woman who is primarily a student was interviewed. The first change between the three interviews was reflected in their overall view on†¦show more content†¦Under the influence of Title IX, America has seen a large increase in women gaining a college education, and this was also supported in the progression of interviews conducted. Roberta did not gain a college education. At the time she graduated high-school, her main focus was on settling down and starting a family. However, that was natural for the women she was surrounded by in 1950. Additionally, there were not any laws preventing colleges from discriminating against women in regards to acceptance or the programs they allowed women to seek degrees in and no laws preventing employers from discriminating within their hiring processes. However, by the time Amy graduated in 1990, Title IX had long been implemented, and many women began seeking degrees in a wide variety of fields. Amy chose to get a degree in Secondary Education and Mathematics. In today’s world, the re is an implication that every person is expected to go to college if they wish to be successful in their career pursuits, regardless of their gender. There is now a large initiative to encourage women to pursue careers in STEM fields. This initiative is so far-reaching it has even made its way into the mass marketing of television ads. A third interesting area that has a dynamic influenced by the feminist movements is the motherhood role. Although the feminist movement has made it socially acceptable for women toShow MoreRelated Feminist Approaches to Social Work1641 Words   |  7 Pagessocial work in today’s society. It will first look at the different types of feminism that are present in society. It will then trace and highlight the emergence of feminism in society. This essay will then delve deeper into the different types of approaches that were taken on by feminists within the field of social work. It will discuss what effect these approaches had on society especially women. According to Hooks (2000) as cited in Considine and Dukelow (2009:141) â€Å"Feminism is a movement to endRead MoreSocial Construction And Its Impact On Society Essay1578 Words   |  7 Pagesand historically constructed in a society. In other words, this is when the value and meanings are tied to concepts such as feminity, masculinity, race, class and gender. Hence, this same values and meanings of such concepts change and impact the society we live in. Furthermore, the idea of a social construct is significant in many various ways. For example, social construct helps us understand about feminity and masculinity on a social platform to which society predict and attaches certain characteristicsRead MoreThe Rise Of Social Media And Its Impact On The Feminism Movement Essay1542 Words   |  7 Pages Media Research Literature Review The rise of Social Media and its impact on the Feminism Movement Abstract: The new media Internet, social media platforms, has been an increasingly popular tool for feminists to promote the feminism movement. With the broad reach of the internet and social media, this has led to a wider awareness of the feminist movement. The broad reach of the internet and social media however has also open the female gender to various levels of objectificationRead MoreWhat Makes An Effective Social Theory? Essay1465 Words   |  6 Pagesmust then go through (Baum 1087), because feminism is fighting for something so big, gender equality, it affects at least half of the population, and not one person s situation will be completely the same. For feminism because there is such a large base of people, it is difficult to situate everybody with their own individual arguments into the movement, because it is such a broad spectrum of people. This may be where some of the issues arise from feminism being such separated backgrounds of movementsRead MoreFeminism And Social, Politica l, And All Other Rights Of Women1565 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to the website Dictionary.com feminism is â€Å"the doctrine advocating social, political, and all other rights of women equal to those of men.† While that statement is not necessarily wrong, it is awfully vague. The reason this statement is so vague is, according to many researchers, because feminism is an incredibly complex concept with many different interpretations. Susan Hekman (2013), for example, interprets feminism to be a radical movement that challenges the very fundament of modernismRead MoreFeminism : The First Wave Of Feminism1267 Words   |  6 PagesFeminism is a movement calling for social change, holding to a belief that women are oppressed by American society due to patriarchy’s inherent sexism. This social movement explained quite simply started in the 19th century when women fought for the right to vote, sought to improve workplace conditions for women as well as increase workin g opportunities. From this initial movement, called first wave feminism, stemmed other waves that though somewhere in the same vein, they held many differing goalsRead MoreFeminism : A Controversial Issue1304 Words   |  6 Pages In recent discussions on Feminism, a controversial issue has been that the term itself attracts negative attention, despite its endless efforts towards equality for both genders. On one hand, some argue the word should be changed to a more appropriate term that doesn’t attract hostile viewpoints. On the other hand, others argue the word should remain the same, however, people should be educated on the actual intentions of feminism—and not base their understandings off of the recent misguided interpretationsRead MoreSocialist Feminist Criticism1164 Words   |  5 PagesCriticism: You Dropped the Bomb on Me, Baby Feminism and gender studies have been described as having the ability to challenge literary and culture theory to confront the difficult task of assimilating the findings of an expanding sphere of inquiry (Contemporary Literary Criticism 567). This area of study has taken center stage during the last fifty years, not only in our society, but also in literary criticism. Although the terrain Feminism traverses can hardly be narrowed down to one singleRead MoreWomen s Roles Of Reproduction1466 Words   |  6 Pagesacross race and class. In Lorde’s (1984) Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches and Rich’s (1980) On Lies, Secrets, and Silence, these rhetoricians examined how classicism, racism and sexism work together based on heterosexuality to oppress women in society. Therefore, rhetoricians claimed for solidarity and sisterhood despite the race and class differences existing among women. Consequently, female rhetoric theory focused on combining personal, sexual, and soc ial struggles and viewing them as indivisiblyRead MoreDiscuss and Evaluate the Functionalist, Marxist and Feminist Ideologies of Contemporary Society1068 Words   |  5 Pagesof contemporary society In this assignment, I am going to briefly explore the definitions of Functionalism, Marxism and Feminism and how their ideologies affect contemporary society in Great Britain. In doing so I will give examples that expand upon the definitions and illustrate that such ideologies are evident and still have an impact on the society we live in. Functionalists believe that all elements within a society interconnect and work together. They compare society to a human body

Abnormal Psychology- Schizophrenia Free Essays

string(48) " being over taken by either the Id or Superego\." Abnormal Psychology – Schizophrenia Introduction There are a number of problems with defining psychological abnormality. They include problems with cultural relativity and social norms, what is normal within one culture or society may be considered abnormal within another. There are also problems with statistics as some abnormalities have too few or too many statistics to compare and the statistics may not always be reliable. We will write a custom essay sample on Abnormal Psychology- Schizophrenia or any similar topic only for you Order Now Under the medical model all psychological disorders are considered illnesses. There are two classification systems to diagnose different disorders. These are the International Classification of Diseases Health Related Problems (ICD) and Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). The most up to date editions currently in use are ICD-10 and DSM-IV although DSM-V is due to be released in May 2013. (Jabr, F (2013)) Schizophrenia According to the World Health Organisation (WHO) schizophrenia is a severe form of mental illness. It is a treatable psychological condition that affects 24 million people worldwide. It mainly affects 15-35 year olds and is more likely to occur in males but anyone of any age or gender, can develop the condition. It affects thinking, perceptions and language and causes the patient to hear voices and to have hallucinations and delusions. Symptoms ICD-10 diagnostic criteria †¢ At least one of: o Thought echo, thought insertion/withdrawal/broadcast o Passivity, delusional perception o   Third person auditory hallucination, running commentary o Persistent bizarre delusions †¢ or two or more of: o Persistent hallucinations o Thought disorder o Catatonic behaviour o Negative symptoms o Significant behaviour change †¢ Duration o    More than 1 month †¢ Exclusion criteria o Mood disorders, schizoaffective disorder Overt brain disease o Drug intoxication or withdrawal (Wing, J. K. Agrawal, N. (2009)) Behavioural Explanations and Therapies The behavioural approach suggests that schizophrenia is simply learned behaviour learned through operant conditioning. Sammons (2008) suggests that the reason schizophrenia tends to run in families is due to children learning the behaviour fr om their parents. Social learning theory also suggests that although there may be some symptoms present once a patient is around others with schizophrenia they learn symptoms by seeing others demonstrate them. It is difficult to explain how the hallucinations and delusions suffered by a schizophrenic can be explained as learned behaviour; true behaviourists think this is irrelevant as they are only concerned with the physical behaviours not what is happening in the mind. Paul and Lentz (1977) carried out a study into operant conditioning as a treatment for schizophrenia. They set up a token economy on a hospital ward where they rewarded patients for appropriate behaviour by giving them tokens that they could exchange for luxury items. It was found that only 11% of the patients in the test group continued to require drugs for their symptoms compared to 100% of the control group. (AQA, (2010)) This demonstrates that operant conditioning as a treatment is very effective; however behaviourists do not care whether the patient is still hearing voices as long as they behave like they are not. In the Paul and Lentz study the patients may still hear voices but have simply learned that if they behave as though they are not they will be rewarded. This means that the schizophrenia has not actually been cured. Biological Explanations and Therapies There have been a number of studies conducted that suggest there is a biological cause for schizophrenia. Through family resemblance studies it has been discovered that a normal person with no family history of schizophrenia has around a 0. 2-2% chance of developing the condition, whereas a person with one schizophrenic parent has a 13% chance of developing it. The chances increase to 46% if both parents have the condition. (Head, P (2012)) This information may not be reliable as it was based on information from records and memories and memories can easily be distorted or misinterpreted. The Copenhagen High –risk study looked at children aged 10-18 and classified them into low risk, of developing schizophrenia, and high risk groups. They removed the risk of environmental factors that could distort the results by grouping the children by age, gender, residence and economic status. This made the study highly reliable as it meant the only factor that should affect results was genetics. The study found that only 1. 9% of children in the low risk group developed schizophrenia whereas 16. 2% of the high risk children did. This shows support for the genetic explanation for schizophrenia. Iverson (1979) carried out post-mortem studies. He found that there are high levels of dopamine in brains of schizophrenics. It is suggested that schizophrenia is caused by high levels of dopamine in the brain or more dopamine receptors in their brains. This is supported by the success of chlorpromazine drugs as a treatment for the condition. There are however problems with this explanation. One problem is that there is no evidence that excess dopamine causes schizophrenia. It could be that schizophrenia causes excess dopamine. (AQA, 2010) Biological treatments for schizophrenia are anti psychotic drugs and chlorpromazine which blocks dopamine receptors in the brain. These drugs have been proven to work as they reduce the number of patients spending a long time in hospital; however drugs are not a cure. They only control the symptoms if a patient stops taking these drugs the symptoms will soon return. This is known as the ‘revolving door syndrome. ’ There can be a number of reasons for this to happen; firstly a patient may ave a fear of getting well. The patient may find it difficult to imagine life without schizophrenia or enjoy some part of it. Another reason is that the patient may stop taking the drugs they are prescribed due to side effects. (Fritscher, L (2012)) The side effects of these drugs can include drowsiness, dizziness, disturbed vision, weight gain, blood clots and tremors. (Net doctor (2012)) Patients may feel that the side effects are worse than the original illness and stop taking the prescribed medication which then starts the cycle again. Psychodynamic Explanations and Therapies The psychodynamic explanation for schizophrenia is that the Ego is being over taken by either the Id or Superego. You read "Abnormal Psychology- Schizophrenia" in category "Papers" Freudians would suggest that there has been a problem in childhood, most likely a problem with the mother, the ego doesn’t develop as well as it should which means the id can easily take control. (Sammons (2008)) The Ego looses control and the patient will enter a child like state, known as ‘primary narcissism’, which causes fantasy to be confused with reality and delusions of self importance which cause the patient to be highly demanding similar to a baby. Hallucinations and delusions are caused by the Ego trying to regain control and reality. There are problems with the psychodynamic approach; firstly there is no scientific evidence to support the explanations. Secondly it has generally been regarded that since anti psychotic drugs work to treat the symptoms that the biological explanation is more reliable. (Sammons (2008)) Freud did not see any point in treating schizophrenics as he believed that it had been caused by the broken ego which is the part of the psyche that he would engage with, as this was so badly damaged he believed there was no way to cure schizophrenia. More recently the main psychodynamic treatment for schizophrenia has been psychotherapy. Rosen (1946) brought patients into a child like state to be able to then nurture them to redevelop a strong ego and ultimately rebalance the psyche. There have been problems with this form of treatment as it is out of date and the results that were found by Rosen are less likely to be effective today as the definition of schizophrenia has changed and the cases Rosen treated would not be considered to be schizophrenic today. Also Drake Sederer (1986) actually found that his form of therapy could worsen symptoms and prolong the patients stay in hospital. Cognitive Explanations and Therapies The cognitive approach agrees with the biological evidence that there is a high genetic contribution to schizophrenia but realises that there must also be other causes and it is important to take these into account. The cognitive model suggests that although genes can create a disposition to develop schizophren ia it only actually develops as a response to stresses such as trauma or infections. Cognitive psychologists fail to take environmental factors such as family and lifestyle into account. Cognitive psychologists believe that the faulty thought patterns are what cause schizophrenia and not a result of the condition. It is suggested that there is a fault with the way in which schizophrenics process information and that it is difficult for them to filter out irrelevant information. Hemsley (1993) suggested that schizophrenics have problems processing information in their memories and new information coming in. It is also suggested that there is a problem with the functioning of the in built schemas. Hemsley explains that the reason schizophrenics hear voices is because they do not realise that their thoughts come from memories and therefore believe them to be voices. There is however very little evidence to support Hemsley’s ideas except for some research on animals which cannot be directly compared with human behaviour. Frith (1992) suggested that people with schizophrenia find it difficult to distinguish whether the information is coming from an internal or external source. He believed that most of the symptoms of schizophrenia can be explained by problems in three different cognitive processes. The first is the inability to generate willed action. The second is the inability to monitor willed action, and the third is the inability to monitor the beliefs and intentions of others. Frith suggests that these problems come from faulty wiring in the brain. There is evidence to support this from his study where he gave specific tasks to schizophrenics and monitored the cerebral blood flow. He found that this was different to what he would expect to see in a person without schizophrenia. The cognitive explanation of schizophrenia is very popular in terms of helping ordinary eople understand the condition. It is also made more reliable by the fact that they take into account other factors such as genetics as well as psychological factors. The cognitive approach also has limitations as although it does well to explain the symptoms of schizophrenia it cannot explain the causes alone without looking at the biological model. PAGE 13-14 Conclusions In conclusion there are a wide range of explanations for schizophrenia including genetics, environment and traumatic experiences. There are also a wide range of treatments including drugs, psycho therapy and behavioural therapy. All of these explanations and therapies have credit on their own but also have limitations. The best way to treat schizophrenia is through a combination of treatments such as drugs used with cognitive-behavioural therapy. Most people with schizophrenia are managed through treatments however many people will relapse. This would then trigger a new round of treatments. Continued support even after recovery helps to reduce the chances of relapse. (NHS choices (2012)) References o AQA, (2010) schizophrenia: Explanations and treatments [online] available from: www. aqabpsychology. co. k/2010/07/schizophrenia-explanations-and-treatments [accessed 5. 2. 2013] o Fritscher, L (2012) Revolving Door Syndrome [online] available from http://phobias. about. com/od/glossary/g/Revolving-Door-Syndrome. htm [accessed 11. 2. 2013] o Head, P (2012) Biological Explanations of Schizophrenia [online] available from: http://www. springwood. norfolk. sch. uk/Downloads/Psychology/BIOLOGICAL%20EXPLANATIONS%20OF %20SCHIZOPHRENIA. pdf [Accessed 6. 2. 2013] o Jabr, F (2013) The Newest Edition of Psychiatry’s â€Å"Bible,† the DSM-5, Is Complete [Online] available from: http://www. scientificamerican. om/article. cfm? id=dsm-5-update [Accessed on 11. 2. 2013] o Net Doctor (2012) Chlorpromazine – Side Effects [online] available from: http://www. netdoctor. co. uk/brain-and-nervous-system/medicines/chlorpromazine. html. [Accessed 11. 2. 2013] o NHS Choices (2012) Schizophrenia – Living with [online] available from: http://www. nhs. uk/Conditions/Schizophrenia/Pages/living-with. aspx [accessed 6. 2. 2013] o Sammons (2008) Schizophrenia [online] available from: http://www. psychlotron. org. uk/resources/abnormal/A2_AQB_abnormal_schizophreniaPsyBehActivity. pdf [accessed 5. 2. 2013] Wing, J. K Agrawal, N. (2009) Concepts of Schizophrenia [online] Available from: (http://www. health. am/psy/more/icd-10-and-dsm-iv-concepts-of-schizophrenia/ [accessed: 2. 2. 2013] Bibliogr aphy o Mcleod, S. (2008) Abnormal Psychology [online] available from; www. simplypsychology. org/abnormal-psychology. html [accessed 5. 2. 2013] o WHO (2012) Mental Health – Schizophrenia [online] available from: www. who. int/mental_health/management/schizophrenia/en/ [accessed 5. 2. 2013] http://alevelpsychologynotes. blogspot. co. uk/2007/10/schizophrenia. html by TAZMANIAN_DEVIL a 2007 How to cite Abnormal Psychology- Schizophrenia, Papers

Overall Working Capital Company Appropriate-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Overall Working Capital Company Appropriate? Answer: Introduction Liquidation is a process by which the company decides to shut down its operations and sell of all its assets. There can be many reasons behind the liquidation of a company. Some company does it on voluntary basis and some are ordered by the court to do the same on the basis to their operations and actions. It is an end to the going concern assumption of the company and affects all its investors and other stakeholders who are related to the company. Three are various rules and laws that have been established to guide the overall liquidation process of the companies. The companies need to appoint a liquidator that will look over the overall liquidation process (Raiborn, et al., 2016). It is possible that sometimes the personal assets of the management may be attached in case the company is not able o pay off all its dues. A company must try to avoid liquidation as much as possible; it is an end to the existence of the company. Liquidation is also known as the process of winding up of the company and closing all its operations. In case the company is making loss, the directors can propose the end of the company and can ask for the liquidation process to begin. Apart from this reason there may be many other reasons because of which the company might get liquidated like the business has been started for wrong reasons, or the overall working capital of the company is not appropriate, there are chances that the overall location of the company might not be right, there might be fraudulent financial practices, all these factors might contribute to the overall liquidation of the company. Non-compliance with the rules and regulations and no following the ethical path can also be a reason for the liquidation of the same. The same is explained in the analysis given below with the help of example of few specific companies that were liquidated. (Knechel Salterio, 2016). The case of liquidation with ABC learning, One Tel Phone company and HIH Insurance ABC learning has been known for one of the best child education providing companies in Australia in the past. It had a large number of educational primary and secondary centres across Australia and was earning heavily and the profit margins were high. The new auditors took over in 2000 and the company was listed on the Australian Stock exchange with the huge market capitalization of 2.5 billion dollars in 2006. However, later on the company was found to be involved in the number of malpractices because of ethics and governance in accounting and it had to liquidate due to a number of issues. This occurred as it had a huge borrowing and debt and was not able to pay in time. A large number of investors were affected and went into widespread losses. The auditors were also held responsible for the acts of the company as they did not highlight the same to the management and hence the company went into liquidation in 2008. Later on in December 2009, it was taken over by Goodyear Early Learn ing, which currently operates with 650 centres across Australia. (Sonu, et al., 2017). All this happened as the company was not able to pay off its creditors and as a result, it went into voluntary liquidation as the auditors denied signing off the audit report in the presence of material misstatement in the financials of last few years and thus, the auditors demanded recasting and re-preparation of the financial statements. The childcare started in early 2000s and soon it expanded rapidly to have as many as 2300 centres across Australia making it a leader not only inside the Australian territory but also acquiring 1% stake in the US market. It was also involved in some of the major acquisitions and all this accounted for huge profits for the company ranging from 15-20% in 2004 2005. However, all this came under the shed of increasing debt burden on the company, which the company was never able to pay and as a result had to undergo dramatic collapse of the share prices by more than 40% in 2007. All this resulted not only in receivership being imposed on the company go ing through financial distress but SP also delisted the company from the stock exchange. (Fay Negangard, 2017). Many reasons can be attributable to the collapse of ABC learning via liquidation but some of the major includes lack of corporate governance being followed at the organisation, lack of ethics in business, incorrect valuation supported by non-disclosure of price sensitive information to the stakeholders. The poor internal control and lack of review from management showed that there was no due diligence being done by the company on the acquisition of the new entity and there were huge differences from the actual should be valuation to the tune of multi million dollars. This proved that the acquisitions were never analysed based on future economic benefits or numbers but was just a rubber and stamp activity for those charged with governance. It did not had the investment review committee instead; it had management group approval whose only work was redundant stamping exercise.(Jones, 2017). One of the reports also showed up that one of the companies which was acquired was valued $ 70 Mn instead of the actual $ 30 Mn, which is one of the example of the overvaluation of the companies and making excessive payments. Another company being discussed here is One tel phone company which was one of the renowned telecommunication brands in Australia known widely for its mobile and internet services, marketing and new information systems and famous among the youth and had a customer base of 2 million across 8 countries. This was again caused with the issue of weak internal financial controls and weak business ethics together with non-competitive management who were least interested in giving the true, unbiased and fair picture of accounts to the stakeholders. The liquidation of the company was primarily brought about by wrong flow of information regarding the expected revenues and profits based on the past year profit figures. The company was earning tremendously in the past 4 years from 1997 to 2000 with the rise in sales by 127%, 40%, 57% and 100% and thus gave the sales rise estimate of 10 times compared to the last year. However, in reality, the company could not achieve as per the expectations ins pite of huge growth in the past years. The other reason of failure to pay the debts and ending with huge payables and liabilities in the Balance sheet was the purchase of addition spectrum licenses which were not actually required. This also included public as well as government funding. But in the year 2000, One tel suffered one of the major blows of all time and suffered losses amounting to $ 291 Mn and the share prices fell to as low as $ 1. Inspite of ending with major losses, the company continued to pay its directors Rich Keeling handsomely with salaries and bonus in million dollars. All these factors cumulatively accounted for negative cash flow and increase of debt burden on the company. (Bena, et al., 2017) The company had to close its operations, sell its assets, lay off huge number of employees and ultimately liquidate in 2001. Corporate governance in the company was totally done away with and the financial accounts no more reflected the true and unbiased affairs of the business on which any decision could be taken. It was not only that the sales were shown inflated in the accounts, but the figures of receivables, other accruals and profits were also shown to be excessively high which missed the view of the auditors. This was a detection risk, which could have been bought to the notice of the management. HIH insurance is another pivotal companies in Australia known for insurance business. It was the 2nd largest at that time but had to liquidate courtesy a major collapse because of huge losses being incurred by the entity. The losses were to the tune of $ 5.3 billion, which is still being considered as one of the major corporate collapse in Australia. The major reason for liquidation was the incorrect over inflated pricing or valuation of the taken over entity FAI along with the aggressive accounting techniques being followed by the entity. On top of the losses incurred, the company had paid to its chief executive office a multi million severance package when he decided to resign the entity just an year ago when the entity was liquidated. This affected the construction industry and housing business terribly.(Bae, 2017). The major operations of HIH insurance included property dealing and underwriting services but the aggressive intent of accounting coupled with wrong disclosure of fact s and figures of many such acquisitions like CE Health international where the liabilities and reserves were shown to be understated in the financials, resulted in liquidation. Again, in this case too, the acquisitions were made without proper due diligence and wrong information was being reported by the company under the nose of the auditors who could identify the same at that time. All this resulted in losses amounting to $100 Mn to $ 300 Mn and hence the results were not published. This non compliance of corporate governance coupled with other factors led to the liquidation of HIH insurance company. (Flix, 2017) Conclusion In the given analysis, we see that there were many factors that had contributed to the liquidation of the company. The company was not able to manage its operations properly and that contributed to its liquidation. The management of the company, as we in the case of the ABC Learning centre indulged in several fraudulent means by which they show that loss-making units was making a large amount of profit. This was an unfair mean that was adopted by the company and when the company got liquidated large number of investors and other related parties were affected very badly. There were many other reasons as the overall accounting processes in the company were not up to the work, even the auditors of the company helped in falsification of the records. Because of all these strict rules have been written by the law framing bodies to make sure that the overall liquidation process is properly monitored and the companies do not indulge in any kind of fraudulent means that might hamper their exi stence and cause the company to liquidate. From the examples of these three companies, we can see how important it is for the company to get their accounts audited and how important it is for the auditor to maintain an unbiased and true approach. In any, way if we see that the auditor or the management is indulging in fraudulent practices then they can be punished and held guilty for the same. The overall process of liquidation must be handled by the liquidator who must be very true in their approach and maintain the appropriate code of ethics in their function.(Grenier, 2017) Recommendations The companies need to understand that if they are being liquidated so many people become unemployed and lose on their jobs and their income. The investors who had invested in the company based on the audit reports of these companies, assuming them to be going concern suffers huge loss because of the same. There are so many laws that the government has framed to make sure that these parties are not affected in cases that the companies go into liquidation(DeZoort Harrison, 2016). The overall analysis of these three companies helps in developing an overall understanding about the importance of compliance with the laws and the principles. The management and the other professionals must be true to their work and must have an unbiased approach to the company and its financial statements. This is very helpful in the end; hence, it will help in the global development of the company and its management. References Bae, S., 2017. The Association Between Corporate Tax Avoidance And Audit Efforts: Evidence From Korea. Journal of Applied Business Research, 33(1), pp. 153-172. Bena, J., Ferraira, M., Matos, P. Pires, P., 2017. Are foreign investors locusts? The long-term effects of foreign institutional ownership. Journal of Financial Economics, pp. 21-35. DeZoort, F. Harrison, P., 2016. Understanding Auditors sense of Responsibility for detecting fraud within organization. Journal of Business Ethics, pp. 1-18. Fay, R. Negangard, E., 2017. Manual journal entry testing : Data analytics and the risk of fraud. Journal of Accounting Education, Volume 38, pp. 37-49. Flix, M., 2017. A study on the expected impact of IFRS 17 on the transparency of financial statements of insurance companies. MASTER THESIS, pp. 1-69. Grenier, J., 2017. Encouraging Professional Skepticism in the Industry Specialization Era. Journal of Business Ethics, 142(2), pp. 241-256. Jones, P., 2017. Statistical Sampling and Risk Analysis in Auditing. NY: Routledge. Knechel, W. Salterio, S., 2016. Auditing:Assurance and Risk. fourth ed. New York: Routledge. Raiborn, C., Butler, J. Martin, K., 2016. The internal audit function: A prerequisite for Good Governance. Journal of Corporate Accounting and Finance, 28(2), pp. 10-21. Sonu, C., Ahn, H. Choi, A., 2017. Audit fee pressure and audit risk: evidence from the financial crisis of 2008. Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting Economics , 24(1-2), pp. 127-144.

5 Other Online Dictionaries

5 Other Online Dictionaries 5 Other Online Dictionaries 5 Other Online Dictionaries By Mark Nichol Regular Daily Writing Tips readers know that I often extol Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, the dictionary of record for the American publishing industry. Despite its apparent casual acceptance of nonstandard spellings, it’s an authoritative resource as is its Internet version, Merriam-Webster Online. But plenty of alternatives exist; here are five interesting and helpful variations on the lexicographical theme. 1. The Alpha Dictionary This portal features links to hundreds of foreign-language dictionaries and glossaries, as well as numerous specialty dictionaries and glossaries covering specific subjects like chocolate, jewelry, and weather, and more resources like thesauruses and collections of quotations. 2. The Free Dictionary Enter a word at The Free Dictionary, and you’ll get not only definitions from various dictionaries but also citations of the word in quotations, a translation tool to find the word’s foreign-language equivalents, and lists of related terms. The site also has starts-with and ends-with search functions and an option to call up a list of terms in which a particular word appears in the definition. In addition, you can look up acronyms and idioms and search encyclopedias, foreign-language dictionaries, and specialized dictionaries. 3. OneLook.com This dictionary offers more than just definitions of words you type in; it also enables a variety of tip-of-the-tongue searches: To return words and phrases beginning or ending in a certain word, type in that word followed by or preceding an asterisk, or type the first couple of letters of a word followed by a colon and any complete word to produce a list of words and phrases starting with those letters that pertain to that word. (For example, at:air brings up not only atmosphere but also â€Å"attic fan† and atomization.) Or, precede an acronym or initialism with expand: to find phrases these abbreviations stand for, and more. 4. Wordnik Wordnik collects definitions from numerous other dictionary websites, as well as displaying online citations of the word to provide context. 5. YourDictionary This plain-English resource provides easy-to-understand definitions. For example, the meaning of atmosphere, rendered at Merriam-Webster Online as â€Å"the gaseous envelope of a celestial body (as a planet), the whole mass of air surrounding the earth, the air of a locality, a surrounding influence or environment, the overall aesthetic effect of a work of art, an intriguing or singular tone, effect, or appeal† here is explained as follows: â€Å"the area of air and gas enveloping objects in space, like stars and planets, or the air around any location,† or â€Å"an overall feeling and/or effect of a place, specially if it is an environment of pleasure or interest.† This site also provides links to other dictionaries as well as other resources. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Book Reviews category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Great Opening Lines to Inspire the Start of Your Story50 Latin Phrases You Should KnowHow Do You Pronounce "Often"?

Essay Sample on the Apostles Creed

Essay Sample on the Apostles Creed The Apostles Creed is an affirmation of things which are mainly held among Christians, and which are undoubtedly founded upon the contents of the Holy Scripture. I have rehearsed, cited, and prayed this creed from my childhood and whenever I repeat the creed I assert that I accept and approve of all the statements that it covers. I do not merely give a mental consent to the facts articulated in the creed because the scripture makes it clear that Faith without works is dead. (John H. 60). My belief depends on the facts found in the scripture, and also on my personal experience of salvation. I know I have been born again spiritually; my faith rests on the spiritual encounter with God as interpreted by scripture, not merely on an intellectual assent to the scriptures and doctrines expressed by the Apostles Creed. The creed starts with the greatest and universally accepted Christian statement I believe in God the Father Almighty, maker of heaven and earth. (William Barclay 11) The statement that God is Almighty implies that all beings are governed and controlled by Him and therefore this makes me wake up every morning with a prayer of thanksgiving for the day that God has given me and His mighty presence during my daily activities. Whenever I repeat the words of the creed I personally affirm that I have an almighty God and Father who is in charge of all things on earth and heaven above. I also agree that even those things that seem to oppose and resist His authority are still under His government. Rebellion serves but to make His omnipotence more apparent, for He causeth the wrath of man to praise Him, and the remainder of wrath He restraineth. (John H. Leith.74).Therefore by my belief in God, and the belief that He is the creator of heaven and the earth; I am charged daily with being, thinkin g and acting only as He has taught me through the years as one of His precious and great creations. To know my creator in this way is very simple to me but difficulties arise when I try to conceal the sins that I commit with excuses to the only God who knows everything about my life. I believe that is the greatest message for me as a Christian that is placed before me daily: to let Him guide me with His love and compassion for He has mighty plans for me. And in Jesus Christ his only son our Lord, who was conceived of the Holy Ghost, born of Virgin Mary, suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, dead and buried. The expected Messiah come to the world bearing with Him from heaven a message of salvation for all mankind and the creed shows me that because of my sinful nature God send His only begotten son to suffer the wrath on my behalf so that I could finally live in perfection with Him. I personally believe that Jesus Christ became incarnate through the conception of the Holy Spirit and birth by the Virgin Mary. I believe that Jesus died as a substitutionary atonement for the sins of the world; and that, after Christs resurrection and ascension into heaven, on Pentecost, God came to the Church in the form of the Holy Spirit, the Comforter promised by Christ. Because of these acts by an Almighty God, I am humbled that He chooses to relate to me as Father as well as King of my life. This is the greatest love from God who made me and who knows my daily failures, but gives me grace only through Christ. Although this world is full of misery and anguish, I am fully assured that He who suffered on my behalf will understand and sympathize with me and that He provides me with boldness and confidence as I daily draw nigh to the throne of grace. He descended into hell; The third day he rose again from the dead; He ascended into heaven, and sitteth on the right hand of God the Father Almighty; From thence he will come to judge the quick and the dead. This is part of the Creed gives me great hope, security and constant, abiding love in God! When I go to sleep every single night, I know that I have not lived up to each challenge but God has blessed me by sending Christ who is my intercessor. I take great comfort in knowing that for me, and everyone else of His creation who has gone before me and for everyone who comes after me, Christ himself sits at my God’s right hand and tenderly says Father, please remember to see her and her sins through me and my death on the cross. I marched the same path and did not commit any sin but I suffered and died for her sins, not mine, according to your great plan. (John H. Leith.64) For me, His intersession gives me the hope and strength to treasure each new day I am given and to strive to be a better person today than I was yesterday or even just a minute ago. I believe in the Holy Ghost; the holy Catholic Church, the communion of saints, the resurrection of the body, and the life everlasting, Amen. I believe that the born-again believers from every denomination and creed of the Catholic Church consist of the supernatural Body of Christ on earth, forming a spiritual unity that disproves our obvious disunity. I for sure know that Christ will return from His position at the right hand of the Father to judge the living and the dead. I believe that God the Holy Ghost lives within the saints; my spiritual birth, along with that of many others of the communion of saints stands as the most profound fact of my life. His presence in believers testifies to the fact of His forgiveness. His grace came to me and the rest of those who believe in Him by faith in what we accept as facts: our sinfulness, His sacrifice, and His forgiveness. I believe the ending of the Creed is where God calls me to live out His words rather than to just recite them or find personal comfort in them. If I want God’s grace and His love, then I am called on to declare His gifts and to then state publicly His assurances. To proclaim that I believe in the communion of saints, the forgiveness of sins and the resurrection of the body is my another feature of God calling to me as a person of faith every day. The Father and His only son my Lord Jesus have given me the same task as was put on the original apostles, to go throughout the whole world and proclaim the good news of salvation to all creatures. Forgiveness of Sins is the gift and guarantee of God that Jesus Christ, the Saviour, has broken the separation between God and me that was brought about by sin and I am filled with joy for Jesus has brought me to God through His sinless life, His suffering and death, and His bodily resurrection from the dead. I am thus consoled in knowing of this gift of forgiveness that guarantees me of eternal life in heaven and deliverance from eternal condemnation in hell. (George 54). To sum up I believe that the God Who led the Church to accept the Apostles Creed lives and works whether human beings believe or not. Those who believe in God will believe by faith what cannot be proved literally. Those who refuse to believe would continue in unbelief regardless of awesome proof to the presence and working of God in the Church. Jesus clearly said that those who believe without seeing are blessed and therefore if anyone asks my opinion of the Apostles Creed, I can honestly say I believe in it. If you need custom essay, term paper, research paper or thesis on Religion or Theology feel free to contact our professional custom writing service.

Invention and Discovery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Invention and Discovery - Essay Example Invention is of our making while discovery is what we can learn of God's making. How can we tell I suggest there is this first and most simple difference. A discovery is something someone else can test for himself and find out if it is true or not. An invention is something that is true only because of the inventor. (...) Science is therefore a discipline of discovery while engineering is a discipline of invention. And if we compare the findings of science and what we can learn from engineering, we discover that science is always surprising while engineering is always explicable." (Brownpanda, 2006). Even though there is a thin line between discoveries and inventions, the factors stated by Brownpanda are very convincing since discoveries can be associated to science and inventions to engineering. In this case, the difference is quite clear. Brownpanda makes the following assertions in order to find the difference between discoveries and inventions: "I want to suggest something further. Discovery, if we touch upon truth, will always reveal the divine intelligence. And this divine intelligence has certain characteristics: its laws are always simple, its consequences are always amazing, its forms are always beautiful, and while it can be appreciated by all, it is always beyond our understanding. Invention, however wonderful, can always be picked apart and understood. It is often complicated. Take for example a car, it is essentially an internal combustion engine. But there are so many other bits to it and each of the bits is there to solve a specific and particular problem. Take an animal, in contrast. On the surface, it appears simple. You can easily draw anaologies between the animal or human body and the car. But what makes an animal or a human being is not the body but the fact that they are alive. And the reason why they are alive is because they came from another living thing." (Brownpanda, 2006). On the other hand, Fll explains the difference between inventions and discoveries as follows: "Discovery means that the laws of nature exist in a defined form, totally independent of humans or anybody else below the level of an almighty being, and that there is a possibility to discover them in total (if there is a finite number of natural laws) or at least in parts and to describe them in some language (including the language of mathematics). Maybe we find only parts, or we see the laws coarse-grained (i.e. in some approximations), but it is out there to be discovered." (Fll, n. d.) So there is a point of connection between Brownpanda and Fll when they associate discoveries to the divine intelligence or God's making. Klint finds that discoveries and inventions are differentiated through another point of view as stated below: "In the natural sciences there is a conceptual tool to make a distinction between discovery and invention: discoveries are embodied in nature while inventions are embodied in artefacts. Notions such as reality'' and observation'' are used to explain that the instruments--being artefacts--used during experiments lead to valid conclusions that are independent from the actual instruments being used." (Flint, 2006). Regarding the different ways of knowing, there are 4 distinct ways of getting knowledge: sense perception, language,

Liberalism (liberties, human rights, and free trade) Research Paper

Liberalism (liberties, human rights, and free trade) - Research Paper Example Liberty of conscience and freedom of worship. Freedom of speech. Freedom to collaborate or not to collaborate. Individual freedom, guaranteed by the justice, law and administrative body. No gender discrimination. The opportunity to have the varied and full education irrespective of birth. Security from the unfavorable issues such as unemployment, old age, disability and sickness. Free choice of the consumers and to rap the opportunity of productivity of industry and soil. Civil and political rights can only be realized where the right of security and subsistence are recognized. Reorganizations The need to promote and protect the rights of religious, national and ethnic and linguistic minorities. Need to establish and practice a culture that overcomes the issue of discrimination among the people of several groups. Need to abolish the regulations and laws regarding the discrimination. Support and defend the activities of the individuals who have fought with the society in order to get personal freedom and fight for civil liberties and human rights. Free Trade The potential of the free trade is to bring strength and empower in the human being to increase the standard of live in the globe (Huntington, 1993). Free trade in the modern age generally entails the following. Free flow of staffs and employees. Deregulation and liberalization of the economy. End to private and state monopolies. Rule of law and property rights. Human creativity and private initiative of environment conducive. Currency wars and trade disputes. Inter communal violence, political instability, war and dictatorship. Corruption and weakness of government. The modern liberalism has highlighted that; the free trade must be controlled and guided by certain regulations and rules that are... Liberalism is a dominant political ideology. Liberalism is known as the response to the urbanization and industrial revolution in the 19th century. Liberalism was occurred in America and Europe. Classical liberalism was constructed on the basis of the ideas in the 18th century. Liberties, human rights and free trade are the three major aspects of liberalism. In order to discuss every single aspect of the modern liberalism, it is necessary to highlight theme resolution of free trade and human rights. Human rights and Free trade theme was constructed in the year 2011 by the manila Congress that discusses the integrity of the system of free trade and human rights. Human rights are the fundamental and universal rights that determine the virtue of humanity of the human beings. This right has not constructed on the basis of nationality, religion, culture, race, citizenship, social class, ethnicity, gender and sexual orientation. Human rights and the policies related to the welfare of human being and society need to be exist in every community. This process will help the globe to bring the equality among the several groups of individuals in this modern civilization era. The fundamental conditions and rights are mentioned in the document of international founding. The modern liberalism has highlighted that; the free trade must be controlled and guided by certain regulations and rules that are enforced by the accountability foundations at the national, regional and international levels. It recognizes and understands the effectively and the importance of the free trade recall with several effective public policies in order to sustain the development and overcome the reasons and issues related poverty in the society.

Hypothesis and Research Design Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Hypothesis and Design - Research Paper Example According to findings, it is found that, ethical and moral decisions reached upon by software developers during software development, has an influence on how things and businesses in particular, are done and how people`s lifestyles adapt to this technological development (Salehnia, 2006). Studies concerning the ethical standards in view of the use of computers and its software, centers on critical issues such as; hacking, privacy, copyright protection, and piracy among other issues related to compute use and software. However, studies indicate that, there is little that research indicating if software developers experience ethical and moral decisions opportunities. Because of this, researchers have developed theories that may help in predicting and explaining ethical and moral behaviors. The theories put forward by researchers, as virtue ethics help social scientist and researchers in categorizing the human behavior basing on ethical and moral judgments. In some instances, an ethical theory like, ethics position theory, is used to categorize human behavior in a number of groups, which includes exceptionism, situationism, subjectivism and absolutism. Through this examination of software developers by applying the ethical position theory, was facilitated. This related to the decisions that software developers make during the process of software development, and a few hypothesis relating to it emerged, which guided further research in the area to unveil various issues. Concerning the above introductory discussion it essential to understand issues about ethics and morality in software development, with a user’s perspective. To tackle the issues well, it is critical to understand some factors involved, which is ethics, morality and software development, so that a good basis is formed to unveil the discussion critically. To begin with, software development is the process through which, individuals, a team or accompany invents and then implements the grant plan that helps to create a new software program (Quigley, 2008). The same process is applied in creating a new variety software. In the software development, many steps get involved to achieve the target plan. First, an understanding has to be made about what is needed, in terms of the purpose for developing the software. Secondly, the plan is then developed to create the software required to meet the purpose perceived, this done by writing the code and the bug test prior launching. The process of software development may involve one or many programmers, depending on the complexity of the software require achieving perceived results. At the initial stages, a research is mandatory to gain an understanding of the type of software that the market requires. The research is used to establish the real purpose of the software in meeting the market needs, in line with the overall goals set. On the other hand, ethics is perceived as the study of concept value in terms of right, good, wrong, or bad, as applied to actions concerning a group’s norms and regulations or rules. Basing on ethics and computer systems it is found that, computer software systems lie squarely in the heart of decision-making. This includes issues like data storage and manipulation, and data availability. Concerning the ubiquity of software systems in every area of private

Physical Impacts of Alcohol Abuse

Physical Impacts of Alcohol Abuse Alcohol use and abuse can affect the liver, central nervous system and the kidneys. The result of the constant use of alcohol can be noted and examined in patients using numerous methods. These methods utilize the body’s reaction towards alcohol using biochemical markers like ÃŽ ³-glutamyl tranferase (GGT), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Although biochemical markers can easily tell the clinician about the use and abuse of alcohol, genetic markers may also contribute to the dependence of alcohol. Alcohol use and abuse is associated with multiple illnesses such as cirrhosis and alcoholic hepatitis. Alcohol consumption has many negative effects that increase with age, ranging from short term reactions like dehydration and ethanol poisoning to chronic reactions like liver failure and alcoholic fatty liver disease. The result of alcohol consumption is reactive changes in the body such as an increase of enzymatic activity and concentration as well as the decrease of enzymatic activity and concentration due to tissue destruction. The enzyme ÃŽ ³-glutamyl tranferase (GGT) activity is one of the most sensitive tests for alcohol use. The enzymes activity rises when there is acute hepatocellular damage present commonly is patients with alcoholic liver disease (G. Bbosa, D. Kyegombe, W. Anokbonggo, A. Lubega, A. Mugisha and J. Ogwal-Okeng, 2014). GGT is such a sensitive marker that the levels will also be increased even if no hepatic or biliary damage is present in the patient suffering from alcoholism. GGT levels increase drastically in the serum of patients abusing alcohol chronically, an increase of 2-3 times the normal value is most commonly present (S. Kavitha, V. Venkatraman and K. Jeyaprakash, 2013). GGT serum levels can also be raised in patients with digestive disorders and mostly only indicates alcoholism in patients who abuse the substance excessively. High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are more commonly decreased in older patients suffering from alcoholism than in younger patients and are used rather as a confirmation marker than an initial indicator. The HDL-C levels in the serum will be decreased in the patients presenting with alcohol abuse (S. Kavitha, V. Venkatraman and K. Jeyaprakash, 2013). The enzyme aspartate aminotransferase (AST) can be used to indicate alcoholic liver disease and cirrhosis, but proves difficult to provide accurate results in the absence of liver damage. The enzyme is also found in multiple other organs like the brain and the kidneys and is more likely to be used as a confirmation of liver disease than a definitive diagnosis (D. Adler, 2013). The levels of AST in the patients’ serum will be increased up to 4 times the normal ranges in cases of liver damage. The increased AST levels, when indicating alcoholic liver disease, is most likely due to cellular necrosis due to excessive alcohol consumption. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is overly produced in patients with hepatic injury and in alcoholic patients (M. Hyder, M. Hasan and A. Mohieldein, 2013). The disadvantage of this test in that the levels only significantly increases if severe hepatic damage is already present, but the major advantage is that ALT is only present in the liver (R. Van Dyke, 2012). ALT will be increased 4-6X in cases of alcoholic cirrhosis and 7-10X in cases of alcoholism with alcoholic liver disease. The ratio of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) can also indicate alcoholic liver disease with a ratio greater than 2:1 with respect to AST:ALT. This result is mostly due to low ALT levels in the serum because of hepatic necrosis, pyridoxal-5’-phosphate deficiency or mitochondrial AST leakage (M. Adak, A. Thakur and K. Adhikari, 2012). The ratio is mostly used as an affirmative test as the ratio only rises above 2 in severe cases of alcoholic liver disease. Sialic acid Genetic predispositions to alcoholism have not been completely identified, but studies have indicated genes that may be responsible. These genes are known as the Mpdz, the Kcnj9 and the GABRA2 genes. Although these genes are used theoretical markers rather than actual indicator to alcohol dependence there is a correlation between the severity of the withdrawal symptoms and the risk of alcohol dependence (K. Buck, L. Milner, D. Denmark, S. Grant and L. Kozell, 2012). The GABRA2 gene is located on chromosome 4p12 and regulates the production of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) which acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2014). Alcohol can affect the signalling pathway of the GABA system if a variation is present in the GABRA2 gene increasing the pleasure derived from the consumption of alcohol above normal levels which can greatly increase the risk of alcoholism in the persons who have this variation (D. Dick and A. Agrawal, 2008). Alcoholism poses a serious health threat to the medical community causing many serious complications in a healthy lifestyle. Testing for GGT is seen as the most sensitive test, but has the one drawback of having quite a bit of interferences, which can be cancelled out if brought into the equation. ALT and AST tests the livers general homeostasis and should rather be handled as a complimentary test along with a test such as GGT in order to confirm a diagnosis. Genetic markers for alcohol abuse have not been fully discovered as of yet, although a variation in GABRA2 is known to increase the risk of alcohol dependence due to its effects on the GABA pathway when alcohol is consumed. References: G. Bbosa, D. Kyegombe, W. Anokbonggo, A. Lubega, A. Mugisha and J. Ogwal-Okeng. (2014). Chronic Alcohol Consumption Affects Serum Enzymes Levels in the HIV-Infected Patients on Stavudine (d4T)/Lamivudine (3TC)/Nevirapine (NVP) Treatment Regimen. Pharmacology Pharmacy. 1 (5), 181-194. M. Adak, A. Thakur and K. Adhikari. (2012). Study of Biochemical Markers in Alcoholic Liver Disease: Hospital-Based Case Control Study. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences. 3 (3), 987-995. S. Kavitha, V. Venkatraman and K. Jeyaprakash. (2013). Biochemical Markers and Age Onset Involved In Heavy Alcoholism.  Asian Journal of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Research. 4 (1), 80-87. D. Adler. (2013). The Difficulty of using a Biological Marker for Alcohol Use: A Recent Historical Overview.  Sound Neuroscience: An Undergraduate Neuroscience Journal. 1 (1), 1-8. K. Buck, L. Milner, D. Denmark, S. Grant and L. Kozell. (2012). Discovering genes Involved in Alcohol Dependence and other Alcohol responses Role of Animal Models.  Alcohol Research: Current Reviews. 367-374. U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2014).  GABRA2.  Available: http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/GABRA2. Last accessed 02 September 2014. D. Dick and A. Agrawal. (2008). The Genetics of Alcohol and Other Drug Dependence.  Alcohol Research Health. 31 (2), 111-118. R. Van Dyke. (2012). Liver Tests: Use and Interpretation.  Open Michigan. 1 (1), 1-60. M. Hyder, M. Hasan and A. Mohieldein. (2013). Comparative Levels of ALT, AST, ALP and GGT in Liver associated Diseases.  European Journal of Experimental Biology. 3 (2), 280-284.

Wedding Speech Written for Two Best Men -- Wedding Toasts Roasts Speec

Wedding Speech Written for Two Best Men Brandon - Ladies and Gents before I continue I would like to point out to those of you who may be feeling the effects of the alcohol that there are actually 2 of us standing up here and no you are not seeing double. Firstly, I would like to say how pleasing it is to see so many of John and Rhonda’s close relatives and friends who have joined them on their wedding day. It never fails to amaze me the distance some people will travel for some free food. OK, Ladies and Gents it is an absolute privilege for Kain and me to be standing here as John’s best men. Since John asked us to perform this honor we have been seeking advice on the duties we have to perform. One of the main duties is obviously to ensure John arrives on time and looking as sharp as possible for his big day! So in order to fulfil this duty, and not that we don’t trust John, we felt it necessary to stay here last night and after a few drinks in the bar and sharing a room with John I can confirm to you all that he slept like a baby†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ he wet the bed twice†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..and woke up several times crying for his mother! Kain -Another duty of course is to thank John on behalf of the bridesmaids, for his kind words, and I have to say they look absolutely wonderful and have done an excellent job today. Wouldn’t you agree Brandon? Brandon - Absolutely, and it is no wonder as the girls have had their hair done by Ni... ...e Fantasy Channel Brandon – To John, Is marriage really for you. You made a big impression on us, we hope we didn’t leave any on you. From all the girls at Legs&Co. Real telegrams – Kain 1, Brandon 1 etc Kain - Ladies and gentleman, it gives me the great pleasure to invite you all to stand and raise your glasses in a toast to the 2 people who without them today would not have been so special†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦LADIES & GENTLEMEN†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..THE BAR STAFF Brandon – Seriously though, John and Rhonda we hope that your love for one another is modern enough to survive the times, yet old fashioned enough to last forever†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ You really are a perfect match. Ladies and Gentlemen we give you the Bride and Groom!

The movie Josie and the Pussycats

Attention Getter: Has anyone here seen the movie Josie and the Pussycats from 2001? It’s okay if you haven’t, I don’t blame you. Relate to Audience: Behind all the superb acting and catchy music, however, lies a highly controversial and interesting topic. That would be subliminal messaging, and that’s what I’ll be talking to you about today. Thesis: Subliminal messaging has been a controversial method of manipulation for years. Preview: I will talk about the different forms of subliminal messages, I’ll tell you about how influential they can be, and I will describe some of the most controversial examples throughout history. Transition: So let’s start by exploring the types of subliminal messages. Body I. MP1: Subliminal messages can be either audio or visual. According to Webster’s dictionary, the word â€Å"subliminal† is defined as â€Å"existing or functioning below the threshold of consciousness†. Basically, this means that your body can sense a subliminal message but it won’t be transferred into consciousness; it’s sensation without perception. Audio subliminal messages can be achieved by hiding the message at a volume too low to pick up. Other sounds are played above these messages to mask their identity. Another more famous form of audio subliminal messaging is known as â€Å"backmasking†. It often involves music that, when played backward, sends a different message than when played forward. This form of subliminal message was responsible for a wave of hysteria beginning in the 1970s as the media claimed that numerous songs hid satanic messages behind their lyrics. On the other hand, there are visual subliminal messages. These can take a couple different forms as well. An image (generally a word) can be quickly flashed and taken away before the subject can consciously perceive what it says. The image is often flashed repeatedly at this rapid pace through something like a commercial. Subliminal images can also be present as a part of other images. An example of this would be a word clearly spelled out in the clouds on an advertisement or details of a picture that suggest something else. Transition: Now that you know the basics of subliminal messaging, let’s explore how they’re used. II. MP2: MISSING An April 2010 New York Times article provides an interesting example. â€Å"New York State's health commissioner†¦ Dr. Richard F. Daines, was recently driving down Interstate 15 in Utah, his home state, when he came across four billboards in a row that beamed a subliminal message at him, and not the one the advertisers intended. † The repetitive billboards contained phrases that subliminally suggested a healthier lifestyle rather than the consumption of the soda it advertised. As with any subliminal message, there is no telling how it will affect the subject. In the Handbook of Consumer Psychology from 2009, Haugtvedt et. al state, â€Å"Subliminal advertising is, at best, a very weak force. However, there is evidence that subliminally presented stimuli can influence behavior and cognition. † It just may not be the intended behavior. Transition: Now that we have seen how subliminal messages can be used, let’s examine a few famous cases. III. MP3: The most controversial cases of subliminal messaging surround the fields of politics and music. George Bush’s 2000 political campaign was under scrutiny for displaying the word â€Å"RATS† while talking about one of Al Gore’s plans. The ad said â€Å"bureaucrats†, but these four letters flashed on the screen independently, creating an uproar. It was written off as a mere coincidence by the creator of the ad, but was taken off of television nonetheless. Heavy metal music is often scrutinized as a source of violence in adolescents, but the 1990 case of young James Vance and Raymond Belknap suggested it influenced suicide as well. According to Philips and Cogan of the 2009 Encyclopedia of Heavy Metal Music, â€Å"subliminal messages in the song â€Å"Better by You, Better Than Me† [by Judas Priest] †¦ allegedly had influenced the victims' actions† to commit suicide. The case was eventually dropped, but its impact was great. Signal Conclusion: As you have seen, subliminal messaging has been a controversial method of manipulation for years. Summary: I talked about the different forms of subliminal messaging. I also discussed how influential they can be. I followed up with some examples that have created controversy in recent years. Lasting thought: I hope you’ve enjoyed getting to know a little bit more about a topic that really interests me. You’re now free to go play all your music backwards and see what really happens†¦ Questions (15 POINTS) Does the preview adequately map out the main points covered in the speech and is it in the right format? 2 points) I think it does a decent job at mapping out the main points. The second point could use some work, she says it’s about how influential subliminal messages are, then in the paragraph quotes a psychology book that says they are â€Å"†¦ at best, a very weak force†¦ †, and in the transition she says it’s a bout how they are used. A little confusing. Also, for your class, it’s missing signposts. Does the summary adequately review the main points covered in the speech and is it in the right format? (2 points) Same as in the preview, not sure about point two. Other than that it looks good. Also, signposts again. Does the speaker include smooth transitions between all of the MPs? (2 points) Yes. Except point the transition into MP2, to me the paragraph is really about when subliminal messages gone wrong; to make that clear she could say, â€Å"Now that you know the basics of subliminal messaging, let’s explore how not to use them. † At least one MP is missing a clear MP sentence. Write a MP sentence for that section. (4 points) MP2: In advertising, subliminal messages are often a disaster. Overall, what is your assessment of the organization of this speech (be concrete in your answer). (5 points) Overall, the speech is well organized. Main point two is the only area of the speech that really needs work. Though the information in the paragraph is interesting, her point is unclear. I would switch sub-point one and two. Also, take out the second quote, as it can be easily paraphrased, and add in details of what the billboards actually say, that way it makes sense to the listener. Possibly something like this: II. MP2: In advertising, subliminal messages are often a disaster. In the Handbook of Consumer Psychology from 2009, Haugtvedt et. al stated, â€Å"Subliminal advertising is, at best, a very weak force. However, there is evidence that subliminally presented stimuli can influence behavior and cognition. † The problem with these messages is that it is difficult to tell how it will affect the subject. Sometimes subliminal messages effect the viewer in the opposite way that the advertiser intended it to. An April 2010 New York Times article describes an instance where several billboards for a soda company suggested that viewers should choose a healthier lifestyle, rather than consuming their soda. (fill in with actual content of the ad) (The advertiser intended the message to be†¦ however to some it was perceived as†¦ As shown in this example, subliminal messages are not the best choice when promoting a product. Transition: Now that we have seen how subliminal messages can be misused, let’s examine how they can be successfully used (at least to stir up controversy. ) III. MP3: The most famous cases of subliminal messaging surround the fields of politics and music. Extra Credit (3 POINTS) Explain the difference between a prelim outline, a full sentence outline, and a keyword outline. A prelim outline is the base of a full sentence outline, it has a thesis, transitions, main points, a few sub-points and a conclusion. Add more detail, more sub-points, an attention getter and a lasting thought and you have your full sentence outline. The full sentence outline should be written in complete sentences and include everything you plan to discuss in the speech. The keyword outline is what you take up with you when you give the speech. I should contain no full sentences, besides the thesis and quotes and statistics that need to be worded in a specific way. It should only include a few words per line that can help you stay on track if you get lost during your speech.

buy custom Preschool Quality and Child Development essay

buy custom Preschool Quality and Child Development essay Children have been proved to be the fastest learners, especially when at an impressionable age (between 2-6 years). This is the time when most of them attend pre-school. The quality of the pre-school and the experiences gained there are believed to affect the development of children. This development encompasses several areas such as social, literacy, cognitive, communicative development and many more such areas. The social and physical environments of schools are said to influence the positive (or negative) development of children. This is where the term Global Quality comes into play. Global Quality refers to quality that is most likely to support the positive development of children (Cunningham, 2009, p.501). Studies were conducted to investigate the extent to which the quality of pre-school classrooms (social and physical) affected academic, language and literacy skills; and also how they moderated associations between child risk and development. The articles Relating Preschool Q uality to Children's Literacy Development and Quality of Social and Physical Environments in Preschools and Children's Development of Academic, Language, and Literacy Skills have been instrumental in guiding the thought process that let to my individual study. From my observation of the classroom dynamics of about 30 children from two schools, it can be concluded that quality pre-education is important to the development of children and does leave an impact on the kind of behaviour they adopt in later years. Global Quality The study discussed in Relating Preschool Quality to Children's Literacy Development to explore the relationship between literacy environment quality and public preschool children literacy environment quality variability on the literacy development of preschool children was performed on 428 children belonging to 24 different classrooms in a large urban, Midwestern school district. The cultural and economical diversity of the districts student population was well represented by 74% of the sample being African-American children and 80% of the sample being eligible for free meals. (Cunningham, 2009) Measures of Quality The three sources used for data collection for this study were a student assessment referred to as the Teacher Rating of Oral Language and Literacy (TROLL) and two observation surveys; the Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale Revised (ECERS-R) and the Early Language and Literacy Classroom Observation (ELLCO). The TROLL is used to assess important literacy skills like language, reading and writing. The ECERS-R is used to assess the global quality of classrooms with regard to Space and Furnishings, Personal Care Routine, Language/Reasoning, Activities, Interaction, Program Structure Parents and Staff. The ELLCO toolkit is used to assess the quality of the literacy environments with the help of three tools that help determine the extent to which literacy development is supported, they are a Literacy Environment Checklist, a Classroom Observation and a Literacy Activities Rating Scale. However, only the Classroom Observation has been used in the research study conducted.(Cunningh am,2009) Results The ECERS-R yielded a mean score of 212 which indicates mediocre global quality. The ELLCO yielded a mean score of 44.4 which indicates basic literacy environment quality. The TROLL test was conducted on two sets of students students who were eligible for free meals (students at risk) and students who paid in full for their meals (students not at risk). The students at risk had a mean TROLL score of 71.53 (below the 50th percentile) and the students not at risk had a mean TROLL score of 8.44. The t-tests revealed a significant difference between the scores of students with and without risk factors. It has been concluded that influences from a low income background have a negative impact on literacy development and vice versa. (Cunningham, 2009) Conclusion Overall, the global quality of preschools in the Midwestern school district is considered to be mediocre as they provide only basic support for literacy development. The author of the paper suggests that literacy development can be improved by improving the quality of classrooms and Based on all three results it has been found that the literacy development of children can be improved by improving the quality of the literacy environment, involving parents in the learning process, including indoor and outdoor activities and improving relationships between parents, teachers and students. A student at risk who reaps the benefits of the above mentioned suggestions can have successful high school years. Structural and Process Quality Just as the global quality of the preschools affects the literacy development in students, the quality of social and physical environments affects the academic, language and literacy skills of students. Studies show that students at risk may benefit more from a socially and physically strong preschool environment than their peers who are not at social/economic risk. Academic, language and literacy skills are measured along structural quality and process quality. Features that contribute to the structural quality of a preschool include teachers levels of education, type of training, class size, type of curriculum and program services. Process quality is more experience orientated and relates to the features of preschool programs that children experience directly. These include implementation of activities and lessons, nature of reactions between adults and children and children and peers, quality of space and furnishings, abundance of learning materials and many more similar factors. The paper Relating Preschool Quality to Children's Literacy Development discusses the methods used to evaluate the structural and process quality and the results of the study performed on a sample of students. According to Mashburn, the objectives of this study were to verify the relationship between quality of social and physical environments in preschools and corresponding academic, language and literacy skills in students. Mashburn also mentions the level to which these factors of quality limit the relationship between child risk and development. This study has a continuous variable called quality. Various studies of the relationship between quality and development have observed effects of quality on child characteristics such as sex, ethnicity, home and family risk factors. Sample The study was conducted on 126 preschool classes. These included 69 Georgia Pre-K classes, 27 Head Start Classes and 30 private pre-school classes. Five students from each of these classes were selected on a random basis based on the criteria established by the investigator. Data collection for the research was divided into three phases. The first phase lasted two months and involved raters assessing academic, language and literacy skills. The second phase which lasted a month involved raters making systematic observations of process quality. The third phase which also was of one month duration included language, literacy and academic assessments. (Mashburn, 2008, p.116) Measures of Quality Preschool quality was measured mainly using three observational methods the ECERS-R, the Assessment Profile and the Caregiver Interaction Scale. Direct Assessment was used as an additional instrument used to gather information about students academic, language and literacy skills. The test used for the Direct Assessment was the Woodcock Johnson-III test of achievement. It consisted of two subtests namely Letter Word Identification and Applied Problems. As the names suggest, Letter Word Identification refers to the identification of letters and words and Applied Problems refers to basic math skills such as counting numbers and problem solving. The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test IIII and the Expressive Language sub-test of the oral and written language were used to measure language skills. A store and print concept instrument was used to measure literacy skills. (Mashburn, 2008) Results The variables measured in this research were gender, race, family income, process quality and corresponding children development. The results of the study showed that (1) Pre-school quality has a positive relationship with childrens development during the early years of schooling (2) High quality social environments and child development have a significant relationship (3) There is no association between higher quality physical resources and childrens competencies. (Mashburn, 2008) Conclusion It can be concluded from the two studies that global, structural and process qualities have a significant impact on the development of children. High quality preschool definitely lays the strong foundation for the later years of education. Students at risk who are put in such an environment benefit more from the nature of the program than students who are used to such high quality environments. Observation Evaluation To validate the points mentioned in the above papers and observe classes in a real life scenario I performed an ECERS-R observation evaluation. The evaluation was performed on 21 students of the Lincoln School and 10 students of the Early Learning Program and was focused on three scales, Language-Reasoning, Activities, and Interaction. Language Reasoning consists of four subscales: Books and pictures, Encouraging children to communicate, Using language to develop reasoning skills, and Informal Use of language. Lincoln School At the Lincoln School, all four subscales of Language Reasoning met the requirements. The classroom had a book corner and a story reading session; also the classes had pictures all over it at the right height for children to view effortlessly. The teacher(s) observed the communication levels of students in the class and encouraged shy, silent students to get over their shyness and start communicating. To facilitate the usage of language to develop reasoning the teacher(s) made use of games like Bingo that help reinforce their knowledge of numbers and vocabulary. The informal use of language was encouraged through casual conversations with the students. The school also conducted several interesting activities for the children such as dressing up as characters, playing with sand, creating 3D Art, familiarizing the students with numbers and weather, singing and dancing, playing with blocks, reading books or seeing pictures in books related to science and nature. These activities were al rated as per the ECERS-R. The only activities that did not seem structurally fulfilling were the Sand/Water and Nature/Science activities, because there was no outdoor area designated for water related activities and apart from books and pictures there were no Science/Nature related activities. The differences in the observations and rating could also be affected by the number of students in each sample and the corresponding number of teachers or assistants available to handle the classes. However both schools demonstrated good structural and process quality. The schools got off to a good start on providing global quality in their classes. However there is always scope for improvement. It was observed that the Early Learning Program provided a learning environment that was more active and involved more interaction. As a result the students demonstrated more creativity, willingness to try new things and an active picture overall. This supports our earlier conclusion of global, structural and process qualities laying a strong foundation for child development. Buy custom Preschool Quality and Child Development essay

Rethinking a no brainer

Rethinking a no brainer Introduction Lying about one’s credentials is indeed a violation of societal norms and contradicts principles of integrity. Therefore, such kind of conduct will not be justified. Instead, it is actually necessary to offer a valid explanation of why the phenomenon occurs. This issue is highly context specific and actually occurs as a result of certain hidden factors.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Rethinking a no brainer specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As in the case of Richard Bromenthal, who claimed that he had served in the Vietnam war, it is always an issue of overcoming rigid obstacles that impede individuals from growing in the careers or even accessing job opportunities. Most employers require work experience and knowledge of academic background before they can even think about giving someone a job. This makes it impossible for those who are fresh from university or who may not have been given a chance by any other employer even if they are well skilled for the job. Therefore, by overemphasizing on experience, skills and personal qualities, society causes a huge number of individuals with the right qualities and personality to miss out on these critical opportunities. Also, certain rules exist even when they clearly lack a commercial value attached to them. It will be argued in this paper that given all these circumstances, then it is quite reasonable to witness falsification of one’s credentials. Why people cheat about the credentials The scientific community has not been immune to cases of falsification of credentials. Even Doctors and other professionals have engaged in some degree of falsification because of a number of reasons. Top on this list is the rigorous nature of research approval processes in the scientific community. Before a researcher can be given a grant, he or she may need to have very complex curriculum vitae that should include a series of academic acco mplishments and awards as well. Certain doctors may have worked so hard to acquire their academic credentials so most may feel as though it is quite unfair to them to ask for more. Having an additional award may not always be easy to achieve and may lead to minimization of opportunities within the scientific community because of this occurrence. Not every researcher will be in a position to get these kinds of support and may actually make grants inaccessible to a majority of them. Therefore, some scientists may opt to work around this problem by padding their CVs so as to meet those stringent conditions.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Eventually, this may lead to approval of individuals who may have falsified their information. Such was the case with a Duke University researcher whose area of interest was cancer research. He had been accused of this dishonesty by his peers who found out that he never really got an award as he had purported in his documents (Fustenberg, 2010). Sometimes parties may lie about their credentials simply because they feel that they possess all the requirements for carrying out a certain job except their credentials. Most have a lot of experience in the field and may actually feel entitled to doing a certain job because of this. They get around this problem by falsification. A case in point was that of two West Virginian miners who had been accessed of claiming that they were certified to carry out safety investigations as foremen. This information was obtained by a healthy and safety inspector in mining. The candidates both pleaded guilty to the charges after affirming that they were indeed guilty of falsification. It is likely that these individuals chose to do this simply because they could get away with it. The health inspectors were by and large very experienced people. They should have been in a position of ascertaini ng whether those two miners were competent or not. It is likely that the company realized that they were indeed capable of carrying out their duties well and without any challenges. In other words, falsification takes place because the concerned individuals already have the experience or the skills to show for it all they lacked was the formal approval process thus explaining why it is common to find a number of them engaging in these practices (Elikins, 2011). How societal mores contribute towards this kind of dishonesty It is quite common to hear people lying about serious matters in real life. This culture of dishonesty is so intense as to perpetuate into the legal system. Many individuals have taken the witness stand and lied about lots of things there. This goes on even after the said witnesses take an oath that they will tell the truth. Therefore, the occurrence has become so engrained in the minds of the population to a point of causing professionals to do the same. Some gove rnment representatives taking the stand as witnesses actually lie about their credentials even when they know that this could severely affect the credibility of their assertions and their judgment. The toxicologist James Ferguson affirmed that he had lied about his year of departure from college but quickly shrugged this off as unimportant. He claimed that it was not relevant and that he twenty years of experience actually illustrated this. In fact, it was soon uncovered that the toxicologist had been lying about his credentials plenty of times. To him, this was nothing new because he believed that witnesses always did this all the time (Hillar, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Rethinking a no brainer specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The world of technology has created fertile ground for the falsification processes. This is because there is an underworld of criminal organizations which are dedicated to creatio n of false academic credentials. Their work is to boost education CVs by making background checks on institutions and identifying loopholes that can assist individuals to get away with this kind of falsification. Because the American culture is such that only the best are allowed to progress, then those who fall outside this bracket are often left out. In order to boost their chances of getting somewhere, vast numbers of people will engage the services of criminal organizations. In other words, the whole country is obsessed with perfection or being best. Lying may be deemed as a necessary part of the corporate culture because everyone wants to be on top. The corporate culture is characterized by the all or nothing law. In other words, when one goes to university or college, it is only the best performers who have a chance at getting good jobs. Furthermore, those who keep rising up the ranks at the workplace are the ones who have demonstrated that they are the best. However, since th e bar has been set so high already, it becomes very difficult for the average worker to access these opportunities. This need for perfection drives many parties to falsify information about themselves just so that they can get ahead; it is a casualty of the culture in our society. The US along with many other western states is characterized by capitalist enterprises. In other words, individualism and the need to do well as a person outweigh communal concerns. To this end, money making or profit generation is the number one reason behind engagement in economic activities. Sometimes this obsession with increasing profits causes a wide number of people to fall into the trap of falsifying. If lying will increase the amount of profits, then businesses will willingly do it irrespective of the morality of their behavior. Such motives can be contrasted to the ones that are prevalent in community based societies. Those regions often pay more attention to the consequences of actions within on e’s community. If someone is aware that lying about his credentials may lead to unwarranted consequences in the community then that individual may be prompted to refrain from those actions. However, if someone is only concerned about his o her well being then chances are that no single piece of information will be carried forward to other generations.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Unseen consequences of lying about credentials Sometimes, lying about one’s credentials may not just be limited to individuals or job seekers but may span across the board. In other words, even business entities sometimes engage in this kind of behavior so as to have many recruits. A case in point was Centura College which had falsified its credentials with the intention of getting more clients. This was a for profit learning institution that claimed that it was WVI approved. As a result of this claim, a certain client called Corey Lewis enrolled into this institution in order to take advantage of this very aspect which is WVI approval. Lewis was a retrenched worker who was eligible to WVI financial aid as explained in the Workforce Investment Act (Bennet, 2010). One month into his course, Lewis realized that the college had not been approved and he therefore had no way of paying his tuition fees. The client decided to sue the institution for falsification of their credential s and if he went through then the College would be obligated to pay a maximum of three hundred and fifty thousand US dollars in compensatory damages. The company had lied about those credentials in the hope that it would be in a position to attract more business into its premises; however, this had the unforeseen consequences of attracting legal action against it. In the end, the organization could lose much more than it would have gained if it had not engaged in this falsification. Furthermore, their reputation will be tarnished and this is always a bad thing in business, more so in the education sector. When asked whether this company was aware that it had lied about the approval, Centura College claimed that they had changed names and failed to update this information thus making them non eligible to WIA. Such false representations may have the immediate short term impact of attracting clients but they never really last for long because they often lead to long term negative impac ts such as legal suits or even a tarnished company name. furthermore, if such cases become common place, then it is likely that American citizens will lose faith in their educational system or any other industry which lies about their respective credentials (Bennett, 2010). In the case of the miners discussed earlier, it is likely that the falsification may lead to eventual safety predicaments. Some of the issues that need to be checked by the Health inspectorate could actually be crucial to the well being of those concerned. Such miners who have not undergone these safety procedures may put themselves or their workmates in danger and may also cause substantial losses to business experts thus explaining why this may not always be the case (Elkins, 2011). In the scientific community, falsification of one’s credentials may lead to the most severe repercussions of all. In the case of the Duke researcher who had lied about his history and the fact that he had received an award, i t is likely that his career may have been tarnished. There were more than a dozen letters that were set to the scientific review board concerning this doctor’s conduct with a large number of them questioning this individual’s credibility. Some of them ascertained that because Dr. Potti’s credentials could be questioned then he should not continue researching. These allegations were so severe that they lead to the eventual suspension of the researcher. In this regard, his career was jeopardized. However, this was not the only casualty, perhaps another more serious issue was the effect that his work would have on real patients. Dr. Potti had been carrying out researches on breast and lung cancer. His intention was to come up with a prediction model that would assist him in determining the most suitable chemotherapy drugs for patients. However, after a thorough review of his work by his colleagues, most of them realized that his methodology was questionable and tha t his results were wrong as well. If his predictions were utilized in the real world, then could be quite hazardous to patients’ health. Doctors would predict and administer the wrong treatments thus causing fatal results. To this researcher, padding his CV was nothing more than an attempt to get past the rigorous approval process of the cancer granting bodies. However, he had not thought about the unforeseen consequences of his actions. This unethical behavior was not only detrimental to his career as a reputable Doctor and researcher but it was also dangerous to the subjects that he was studying. Instead of contributing towards better health treatments, this individual was actually impeding it by exposing patients to undue harm or undue risks (Fustenberg, 2010). Falsification can affect other people’s lives substantially even negatively for example, in the case of the toxicologist who gave false information about his experience, it is likely that the information he g ave about the witness was also wrong and that she may have imprisoned on the basis of an opinion that was not credible at all. In an attempt to appear experienced, this individual may have made himself paper more experienced and this may have given undue weight to his opinions. He was an officer of the court and a public servant so he was expected to behave ethically in the eyes of the law. In this regard, he suffered the consequences of getting caught by receiving a sentence of thirty years in jail or a fine of one thousand dollars (Hillar, 20100). Linda (2010) explains that falsified credentials are very risky to employers because they lead to situations in which people are awarded for things that they never carried out. the proliferation and development f ‘diploma mills’ or falsification businesses can have severe repercussions within the workplace because they may reward the wrong people or they may close the door for those who are actually entitled to those opportu nities. They harm businesses because some of the employees who are enrolled may have obtained their certificates from none existence colleges or institutions. Alternatively, some may choose a poorly known institution which rewards students with certification even when the kind of work that they put in was much less than what other approved institutions require from them. Furthermore, since employers may not have the time or the logistics to go through all applicants’ papers, it is likely that a high number of them may go undetected and this will affect such outcomes (Zharkov, 2010). It should be noted that all it takes is a background check by the concerned institution through university databases online. However, in certain circumstances, some names may be missing from the approved list so an employee could have genuinely obtained a degree from a university but may miss out on the opportunity because of the misgivings of technology. One way in which employers can overcome th is obstacle is by doing a background check on the concerned individuals so that they can prevent reoccurrence of these problems. A very serious consequence of falsifying credentials is getting caught and being imprisoned for those actions. People who have taken part in these kinds of arrangements will often find that they are putting themselves in very dangerous positions. Falsification of business records is an offense in law (parson, 2011). Also, grand larceny and false instruments are all possible charges that can be placed against the concerned individuals and they could make him a criminal in the eyes of the law. Because a person may be receiving pay checks on the basis of the falsified information then that individual will actually be contributing towards poor service provision. This person could also get charged for such an issue as was the case with a former psychologist of the court called Feldman. Feldman had purported that he had been a student of Hamilton University. How ever, it was soon discovered that he had obtained these papers from a diploma mil that exchanged certificates for cash. Additionally, the individual had been working for the department for a period of four years after it was discovered how dangerous this person could be to the entire department. He had been given the responsibility of evaluating defendants or those who were eligible for court petitioning yet he was not fully aware of what this entails and there is no doubt that certain individuals were released because of the toxicologist’s misdeeds (Annet, 2010). Sometimes falsification of documents may not always appear as it is. In this regard, an individual could be accused of the charge and fired from their positions even when this may not have a firm basis. A case in point was that of a noted whistle blower within the US Army. This individual was a scientist in the institution and had been responsible for bringing out a series of cases against many dishonest individuals in the army. He had been working for the Pentagon in particular and had been responsible for unraveling unethical behavior. It is likely that this may have ruffled the feathers of many influential persons in the Army. At the time of charging this individual, the Army had tried letting him off for unacceptable performance but because it was not possible to do so under US law, he still remained an employee of the US Army. However, as one looks through the facts of the case, one immediately realizes that there could be ill motives disguised under these intentions. Those concerned individual was exposed to a series of government documents which were classified. He was in a position to ascertain whether conduct within the department was ethical or not. In this regard, he threatened the job of very many individuals. Before this scenario, he had been a noted critic and whistle blower. Consequently, it may be that the accusations of false credentials may not be true. In other words, he may not have lied about his credentials as these may have been planned against him. Therefore, sometimes the charge of falsification may be used as a tool to help unethical employees get rid of whistle blowers in their presence. The lesser charges filed against this same individual testify to the fact that some parties may have had a vendetta (Lardner, 1992). Conclusion In essence, falsification of credentials has become more common place than ever people. This has been perpetuated by the proliferation of technology that allows for the growth of diploma mills. Also, some people do it in order to get around the complex or almost impossible criteria set by authorities. Alternatively, some may do so simply because they feel that they have the right skills or experience and that one tiny requirement does not undermine their capabilities. On the other hand, it can be argued that this goes on because of the individualistic and perfectionist attitude inherent in society. Generally, speaking, this falsification does lead to unintended consequences such as law breakage, legal suits, tarnished careers or businesses and possible harm to the public. Lardner, George. Army Accuses SDI critic of falsifying credentials. Washington post April, 14, 1992 Gurav, Peter. Saratoga Springs man indicted in false credentials case. Fake certification, 18 November, 2010. Online Bennet, William. Student Accuses Centura College of Lying About Credentials. RSS News, September 22, 2010. Print. Elkins, Wallace. Two WV Miners Make Plea Deals to Lying About Credentials Charges. California News, Feb 23, 2011. Online. Furstenberg, Joan. Duke researcher suspended accused of lying about credentials. New York Times, Jul 20, 2010. Print. Hillar, Bill. Man Charged With Lying About  Credentials. NYDaily News, January 25, 2011. Online. Linda, Johnson. Falsified Credentials a Risk to Employers, Business Fraud Focus, 11.3, 2007: 43-44. Online. Mary, Annette. Former Toxicologist Sentenced For Lying About C redentials. Daily News, May 13, 2010. Print. Parsons, Larry. FBI arrests MIIS lecturer accused of lying about credentials. Herald News, 01/26/2011. Print. Zharkov, Rajiv. Falsifying credentials. The Chronicle of Higher Education, July 11, 2008. Print.